International symposium for 30th anniversary of the may 18 Gwangju democratic uprising Korean Association for Studies of Philosophical Thought
Philosophical Reflections on “Human Rights”(CNU Law School 111)
광주를 기억하는 철학적 가이드라인
- 용기와 기억에 대하여 -
09:40~10:00 "Philosophical guidelines on remembering Gwangju: On courage and remembering" Choi Jongduck(Sangji Univ. / President of KASPT) 10:00~12:00 Some Constitutional Issues on the Human Rights in Korea Dong Suk Oh(Ajou Univ.) discussant: Lee Jaeseung(Konkuk Univ.) 5.18 as an Event and the Politics of Human Rights Youngkyun Park(Konkuk Univ.) discussant: Suh Do Sik(University of Seoul) East Asian Studies and the Human Rights Koo TaeHwan(Sangji Univ.) discussant: Kim Kyo Bin(Hoseo Univ.) ------------------- The session of International Symposium for the 30th anniversary of the may 18 Gwangju democratic uprising May 27, 2010 On courage and remembering - philosophical guidelines on remembering Gwangju - Jongduck Choi Rep, Korean Association for Studies of Philosophical Thought Prof., Sangji University, Wonju / Korea http://eyeofphilosophy.net 1. directional courage and reflectional courage When to say that animals have sensibilities, those will be simple ones, based on a sense, of contentment and dissatisfaction from metabolism. This is a process of irritability toward external conditions rather than the sensibilities of human kinds. A human extends those senses of contentment and dissatisfaction and makes an expression of diverse feelings on various occasions. We get pleased, angry, and afraid. We hate and like and desire. The expression goes up to another level. We feel pity toward the poor and resentful toward injustice, we feel shamed or sorry. We also tell from right to wrong. Unfortunately, we also get selfish, manifesting jealousy, obsession, deception, sycophancy and despise. On the upper level of this mind are sublimity and altruism. Thus minds are multi-layered. They are made of I) irritability toward external conditions ii) directional mind of emotion like the seven emotions (chiljeong, 칠정;七情: joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love, hate, lust) iii) unidirectional mind of reflection which is inferred to be like the four-mentalities (sadan 사단:四端: pitifulness, propriety, modesty, honor) iv) archetype mind as sublimity and altruism harked back from the unidirectional mind of reflection Courage falls under the category of reflectional mind but while putting it into action it can be put under directional mind. It's the case of automatic resistance to injustice. I am to say that courage has two dimensions, directional courage, and reflectional courage. Yet there are many peoples who are unreacted to the injustice. If one remains unconcerned to the injustice even though one's mind reached the level of directional emotion, it means that s/he does not have courage. We can even say it's the manifestation of aligning with this certain injustice. If it's not the case then courage is required to be in action, however, gathering one's courage is not easy. Yet remaining as a spectator to illicit politicians and sycophant to dictatorship is just another way to align with them. 2. Courage in Gwangju: confronting the fear The insulting history of Japanese occupation was not retrieved by the liberation of 1945. Rhee Syng-man's government was established with the transplanted legacy from Japanese Imperialism. It was the government of political mobs. The oppression and savagery of these mobs got disclosed in the month of march 1960 by the Masan Citizen-Uprising, the whole corruption of the government ended with April Democratic Revolution in 1960. What made the outraging mob collapse is the courage of students that went out to march in the streets. This year 2010 is the 50th anniversary of the April Democratic Revolution. The corrupted government collapsed by the converged power of citizens, which was risen from stirring students who were put up with the injustice. It was a spontaneous power of citizens, assembled by a directional mind of courage. Unfortunately, political opportunists took over the reins of government by taking advantage of the political vacuum after the April Revolution. And from this time 1961 started the dictatorship of Parkjunghee's military regime. After the destruction of the despotic state in 1979, the decay of twenty years of nightmare seemed near. However, the opportunistic offsprings from that depressing period again terrorized people. Yet there were ordinary people who gathered their courage as opposed to the terror. They were on the one-way road of resistance. Now, we are standing on the road where the ordinary people of Gwangju shed the blood of the revolution thirty years ago. 3. Veiled malady We are still living in an era that demands us to be courageous despite our hope to make it unnecessary. The elaborated despotism of capitalism and its administrative run the martial law command got sweetened. They destroy and plug up the course of the river, and control the religion. They present an almighty ticket of executive power to entrepreneurs and take over the broadcasting industry. They broaden the discrimination among educational conditions while disguising as scraping out the corruption in education. They squeeze out the near-empty pockets of people, they banter with dept policy, they restructure McCarthyism, and lead the frustration among the common sense of the standing citizens. As a whole, it is the malady called the terrorizing military regime, from Jundoohwan to Parkjunghee. To be exact, the malady of today is the spitting image of mobs before the day of the April revolution fifty years ago. Yet the difference of the malady from the past to now is the symptom is like that of acidhead, which is not accompanied by any pain. This symptom of hallucinosis is the typical omen of neo-liberalism. The scarier part of this malady comes from the fact that it is veiled by power. 4. Memory switch Veiled malady does not directly stir up the courage from directional emotion. Those who are keen to recognize the symptoms can reach courage in the level of unidirectional reflection, but it is not an easy process. The cause of this infectious neo-liberalism is the virus called the 'Capitals', cutting off the birth of courage. We should retrieve the resistivity and to retrieve it, we should remember the immunity reaction to resist. It is like how the antibody made from the flu lasts. After catching a cold and recovering from it, we do not get cold for a while. Some immunity reaction from certain disease like measles lasts for a lifetime. The body remembers the identities of flu virus or measle virus thanks to the scarce memory cells in the lymph, and when we are healthy, we are good to activate our memory cells to be resisting the malady. It is therefore important to remember the resisting inner power. Remember resisting has a function of switching the revelation of directional emotion of courage on. Remembering is a switch into courage Gwangju still is a space of Remembering. Nowadays we are placed again under pressure demanded upon memories of The May 18 Gwangju Democratic Uprising 광주민주항쟁 30주년 국제학술대회 한철연 분과 기조발제 2010년5월27일